Cockroaches are not only pests that disgust most but can also cause many dangerous diseases to both adults and children. The younger and elderly populations need to be more vigilant, as they are more vulnerable owing to weak immunity. The most common disease that can happen on coming in contact with cockroaches or consuming the food or water contaminated by them is food poisoning . Symptoms of food poisoning caused by the cockroach germs include stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. It is treatable via oral hydration, i.e., ORS, and antibiotics in select cases.
Typhoid fever
Another serious disease that can be caused by a bacterium that cockroaches spread is typhoid. The bacteria is called Salmonella typhi bacteria, and it enters the body via contaminated water that we may drink or contaminated food we may eat. Its symptoms are high fever, weakness, headache, sometimes constipation, and sometimes diarrhea, typically appearing within 12 to 72 hours. It can generally be relieved with proper rest and antibiotics.

Cholera
According to Dr. Shivani Swami, HOD, pulmonology, allergy, and sleep medicine at Amar Jain Hospital, Jaipur, “Cholera is another disease that can be spread by cockroaches and happens mostly if proper hygiene is not maintained. The patient has symptoms such as diarrhea, which is watery, vomiting, etc. IV fluids and antibiotics would be needed in case the symptoms lead to dehydration.”

Dysentery
Dysentery, often caused by Shigella bacteria or amoebas, too can be caused by cockroaches. The patient gets severe loose motions, which may have blood discharge. The patient can also get stomach cramps and prolonged fever. To counter this, specific antibiotics are advised.

Gastroenteritis , asthma and other allergic reactions
Another common problem is gastroenteritis, which can be caused by cockroaches. Lots of fluids and foods light on the stomach are recommended for treatment. Cockroach droppings, saliva, and body parts can lead to problems such as allergies and asthma. This can cause symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, and breathing problems. This problem is common in children. Antihistamines and inhalers are used for treatment.
To help prevent cockroach-associated infections or diseases, it is advisable to keep the home clean, keep food covered, and ensure dustbins are washed and cleaned regularly. Professional pest control also needs to be done from time to time, as prevention is always better. Also remember, in cases of severity, doctor consultation is key.